Valley of Cuelgamuros (formerly Valley of the Fallen)

The Valley of Cuelgamuros, originally known as the Valley of the Fallen, is a monumental memorial site near Madrid, Spain, built by dictator Francisco Franco to commemorate those who died in the Spanish Civil War. It features a massive cross, a basilica carved into a mountain, and a Benedictine abbey, and has been a site of intense debate regarding Spain's historical memory and the legacy of Francoism. Following Franco's exhumation in 2019, efforts are underway to redefine it as a place of democratic memory.