The German Revolution of 1918–1919

The German Revolution of 1918–1919, also known as the November Revolution, was a political upheaval that ended the German Empire and World War I, leading to the establishment of the Weimar Republic. Sparked by military defeat, economic hardship, and social unrest, it began with a naval mutiny in Kiel and spread across Germany, resulting in the abdication of the Kaiser and a struggle between moderate socialists and radical communists over the nation's future.