The Battle of Actium was a decisive naval engagement fought on September 2, 31 BC, off the western coast of Greece. It pitted the forces of Octavian, led by his general Marcus Agrippa, against the combined fleets of Mark Antony and Cleopatra VII of Egypt. Octavian's victory marked the end of the Roman Republic's civil wars and paved the way for his rise as the first Roman Emperor, Augustus.
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